欧美综合天天夜夜久久_国产高清AV在线播放_亚洲精品一区二区三区四区五区_精品一区二区三区无码免费直播

液(ye)液(ye)萃取(qu)(qu)分(fen)離是過(guo)程工(gong)業(ye)中重(zhong)要的(de)單元操(cao)作(zuo)，傳統的(de)箱(xiang)式混合澄清槽密封性(xing)(xing)能差，有(you)(you)機相揮發(fa)極易帶(dai)來溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)損失和嚴重(zhong)的(de)火災隱患(huan)。新裝置的(de)成功應(ying)用(yong)，降低了(le)(le)液(ye)液(ye)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)萃取(qu)(qu)過(guo)程中的(de)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)損失和火災風險(xian)，同時也突破了(le)(le)化(hua)(hua)學制藥生產過(guo)程中部分(fen)特殊液(ye)液(ye)萃取(qu)(qu)體系無法(fa)連(lian)續化(hua)(hua)生產的(de)瓶頸，提(ti)高了(le)(le)生產能力(li)，具有(you)(you)進一步推廣至濕法(fa)冶金、廢水(shui)處理、精細化(hua)(hua)工(gong)、石油化(hua)(hua)工(gong)等(deng)眾(zhong)多液(ye)液(ye)萃取(qu)(qu)領(ling)域的(de)示范作(zuo)用(yong)，對提(ti)升(sheng)相關(guan)企業(ye)綠色化(hua)(hua)、安全化(hua)(hua)生產有(you)(you)重(zhong)要意義。化(hua)(hua)學制藥過(guo)程(如農藥)中的(de)液(ye)液(ye)萃取(qu)(qu)分(fen)離涉及的(de)物系性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)較為復雜(za)，如有(you)(you)機相溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)性(xing)(xing)、揮發(fa)性(xing)(xing)...

利用溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)使固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)物(wu)(wu)料中(zhong)(zhong)地(di)可溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質溶(rong)(rong)解(jie)于(yu)其中(zhong)(zhong)而加以分離(li)地(di)操稱為固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)液(ye)萃取,又稱浸取.水(shui)是常(chang)用地(di)一種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji),如泡茶、煎中(zhong)(zhong)藥和從(cong)甜菜(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)提取糖等.隨著工(gong)業地(di)發展和人民生活水(shui)平(ping)地(di)提高,固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)液(ye)萃取地(di)應用領域越來越廣(guang)泛,如從(cong)植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)子中(zhong)(zhong)提取食油,從(cong)各種(zhong)植物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)提取中(zhong)(zhong)草藥制(zhi)劑(ji)以及生產速溶(rong)(rong)咖啡(fei)、食品(pin)調味(wei)料和食品(pin)添加劑(ji)等.幾(ji)乎所有(you)(you)的(de)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)液(ye)萃取都要(yao)現對原(yuan)料進行預處理,一般是將原(yuan)料粉碎,制(zhi)成(cheng)細(xi)粒(li)狀或薄片狀.物(wu)(wu)料中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)有(you)(you)用成(cheng)分(溶(rong)(rong)質)分散在不溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(擔體(ti)(ti))中(zhong)(zhong),溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)和溶(rong)(rong)質必(bi)須通過擔體(ti)(ti)的(de)細(xi)孔才能將溶(rong)(rong)質轉移到固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)外的(de)溶(rong)(rong)...

蛋(dan)白質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)采用蛋(dan)白質(zhi)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)儀(yi),它(ta)是(shi)(shi)由(you)樣品(pin)(pin)消化成按(an)鹽(yan)、蒸餾、用硼酸液吸收,再由(you)標準(zhun)酸液滴定(ding)來(lai)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de).此法準(zhun)確(que)、簡明、靈活,是(shi)(shi)法定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)仲(zhong)裁測(ce)(ce)定(ding)法,但它(ta)技巧性強,主、客觀影響因素多,要(yao)想獲得(de)準(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)結果,也是(shi)(shi)較困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)。蛋(dan)白質(zhi)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)儀(yi)對蛋(dan)白質(zhi)含(han)量進行測(ce)(ce)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，對稱樣較困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)半固體(如冰淇淋、豆腐乳)可置于已記重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紙(zhi)(zhi)片上稱重(zhong)(樣品(pin)(pin)重(zhong)~總重(zhong)一紙(zhi)(zhi)片重(zhong)),樣品(pin)(pin)稱好后,卷起置于凱(kai)氏燒(shao)瓶底部。為減(jian)少系統誤差,空白凱(kai)氏燒(shao)瓶同(tong)(tong)時投入(ru)相同(tong)(tong)規(gui)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)紙(zhi)(zhi)片一張。不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食品(pin)(pin)含(han)氮量不同(tong)(tong),為保(bao)證(zheng)終點(dian)滴定(ding)消耗酸的(de)(de)(de)(de)體...

定(ding)氮儀(yi)(yi)常用的有兩(liang)種(zhong)：凱氏定(ding)氮儀(yi)(yi)和杜馬斯定(ding)氮儀(yi)(yi)，二者的原理是不同。一、.凱氏定(ding)氮儀(yi)(yi)---原理是凱氏定(ding)氮法蛋白(bai)(bai)質是含(han)氮的有機(ji)化(hua)合物(wu)(wu)。食品與(yu)硫(liu)酸(suan)和催化(hua)劑一同加熱(re)消化(hua)，使(shi)蛋白(bai)(bai)質分解，分解的氨(an)與(yu)硫(liu)酸(suan)結合生成硫(liu)酸(suan)銨。然(ran)后堿化(hua)蒸餾(liu)使(shi)氨(an)游離，用硼酸(suan)吸(xi)收后再以(yi)硫(liu)酸(suan)或(huo)鹽酸(suan)標準(zhun)溶液(ye)滴定(ding)，根(gen)據酸(suan)的消耗量(liang)乘以(yi)換算系數(shu)，蛋白(bai)(bai)質含(han)量(liang)。含(han)氮量(liang)×6.25=蛋白(bai)(bai)含(han)量(liang)。有機(ji)物(wu)(wu)中的胺根(gen)在強熱(re)和CuSO4、濃H2SO4作用下，硝化(hua)生成(NH4)2SO4。1、凱氏定(ding)氮法反應式為(wei)：2NH2+H2SO4+2H=(NH4)2...

一般來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，定氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)儀(yi)常用(yong)的(de)主要有(you)凱氏(shi)定氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)儀(yi)和(he)杜(du)馬(ma)(ma)斯定氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)儀(yi)兩(liang)(liang)種，雖然它(ta)們同(tong)屬于定氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)儀(yi)產品，但是(shi)它(ta)們的(de)原(yuan)理(li)是(shi)*不同(tong)的(de)，其中凱氏(shi)定氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)儀(yi)的(de)原(yuan)理(li)是(shi)凱氏(shi)定氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)法(fa)(fa)，而(er)杜(du)馬(ma)(ma)斯定氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)儀(yi)的(de)原(yuan)理(li)是(shi)杜(du)馬(ma)(ma)斯燃燒法(fa)(fa)，下面就來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)說(shuo)(shuo)這兩(liang)(liang)種方法(fa)(fa)的(de)區別。凱氏(shi)定氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)儀(yi)遵循的(de)基本原(yuan)理(li)是(shi)凱氏(shi)定氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)法(fa)(fa)，由于蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)質是(shi)含氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)有(you)機化(hua)合物，因此(ci)此(ci)方法(fa)(fa)是(shi)將食品與硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)催化(hua)劑一同(tong)加熱消化(hua)，使蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)質分(fen)解，分(fen)解的(de)氨與硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)結合生成硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)銨。然后堿化(hua)蒸(zheng)餾使氨游離(li)，用(yong)硼(peng)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)吸收(shou)后再以(yi)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)或鹽酸(suan)(suan)(suan)標準溶(rong)液滴定，根據酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)消耗(hao)量(liang)乘以(yi)換算(suan)系數，來(lai)得到蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)質含量(liang)。而(er)杜(du)...